数电单词中英对照表

英文单词	中文	英文解释	中文解释
*A*
Address	地址	The location of a given storage cell or group of cells in a memory	内存中给定存储单元或一组单元的位置
Aliasing	混叠	The effect created when a signal is sampled at less than twice the signal frequency. Aliasing creates unwanted frequencies that interfere with the signal frequency when the signal is recovered.	当信号以低于信号频率两倍的速率采样时产生的效应，混叠会在信号恢复时产生干扰频率
Analog	模拟	Being continuous or having continuous values	连续的或具有连续值
Analog-to-digital converter (ADC)	模数转换器	A circuit used to convert an analog signal to digital form	用于将模拟信号转换为数字形式的电路
AND	与	A basic logic operation in which a true (HIGH) output occurs only when all input conditions are true (HIGH)	一种基本逻辑操作，仅当所有输入条件为真（高电平）时输出才为真（高电平）
AND gate	与门	A logic gate that produces a HIGH output only when all of the inputs are HIGH	仅当所有输入为高电平时输出高电平的逻辑门
Astable	无稳态	Having no stable state. An astable multivibrator oscillates between two quasi-stable states	没有稳定状态，无稳态多谐振荡器在两个准稳态之间振荡
Asynchronous	异步	Not occurring at the same time	不同时发生
*B*
BCD	二进制编码的十进制	Binary coded decimal; a digital code in which each of the decimal digits, 0 through 9, is represented by a group of four bits	二进制编码的十进制，一种数字代码，其中每个十进制数字（0到9）由四位二进制数表示
Bidirectional	双向	Having two directions. In a bidirectional shift register, the stored data can be shifted right or left	具有两个方向，双向移位寄存器中存储的数据可以向左或向右移动
Binary	二进制	Having two values or states; describes a number system that has a base of two and utilizes 1 and 0 as its digits	具有两个值或状态，描述以二为基数并使用1和0作为数字的数字系统
Bipolar	双极型	A class of integrated logic circuits implemented with bipolar transistors; also known as TTL	用双极晶体管实现的集成逻辑电路类别，也称为TTL
Bistable	双稳态	Having two stable states. Flip-flops and latches are bistable multivibrators	具有两个稳定状态，触发器和锁存器是双稳态多谐振荡器
Bit	位	A binary digit, which can be a 1 or a 0	二进制数字，可以是1或0
Boolean algebra	布尔代数	The mathematics of logic circuits	逻辑电路的数学
Bus	总线	One or more interconnections that interface one or more devices based on a standardized specification	基于标准化规范连接一个或多个设备的互连
Byte	字节	A group of eight bits	八位二进制数
*C*
Capacity	容量	The total number of data units (bits, nibbles, bytes, words) that a memory can store	内存可以存储的数据单元（位、半字节、字节、字）总数
Cascade	级联	To connect “end-to-end” as when several counters are connected from the terminal count output of one counter to the enable input of the next counter	将多个计数器从终端计数输出连接到下一个计数器的使能输入，实现“端到端”连接
Cascading	级联	Connecting two or more similar devices in a manner that expands the capability of one device	以扩展设备功能的方式连接两个或多个类似设备
Cell	单元	A single storage element in a memory	内存中的单个存储元素
Clear	清除	An asynchronous input used to reset a flip-flop (make the Q output 0)	用于复位触发器（使Q输出为0）的异步输入
Clock	时钟	A basic timing signal in a digital system; a periodic waveform used to synchronize actions	数字系统中的基本定时信号，用于同步操作的周期性波形
CMOS	互补金属氧化物半导体	Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor; a type of integrated logic circuit that uses n- and p-channel MOSFETs (metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors)	互补金属氧化物半导体，一种使用n沟道和p沟道MOSFET的集成逻辑电路
Complement	补码	The inverse or opposite of a number. In Boolean algebra, the inverse function, expressed with a bar over a variable. The complement of a 1 is 0, and vice versa	数字的反或逆，布尔代数中用变量上方的横线表示反函数，1的补码是0，反之亦然
Current sinking	电流吸收	The action of a logic circuit in which it accepts current into its output from a load	逻辑电路从负载吸收电流到其输出的动作
Current sourcing	电流供给	The action of a logic circuit in which it sends current from its output to a load	逻辑电路从其输出向负载供给电流的动作
*D*
Data	数据	Information in numeric, alphabetic, or other form	数字、字母或其他形式的信息
Decade	十进制	Characterized by ten states or values	以十个状态或值为特征
Decoder	解码器	A digital circuit that converts coded information into a familiar or noncoded form	将编码信息转换为熟悉或非编码形式的数字电路
Demultiplexer (DEMUX)	解复用器	A circuit that switches digital data from one input line to several output lines in a specified time sequence	在指定时间序列中将数字数据从一个输入线切换到多个输出线的电路
D flip-flop	D触发器	A type of bistable multivibrator in which the output assumes the state of the D input on the triggering edge of a clock pulse	一种双稳态多谐振荡器，输出在时钟脉冲的触发沿上呈现D输入的状态
Digital	数字	Related to digits or discrete quantities; having a set of discrete values	与数字或离散量相关，具有一组离散值
Digital-to-analog converter (DAC)	数模转换器	A circuit used to convert the digital representation of an analog signal back to the analog signal	用于将模拟信号的数字表示转换回模拟信号的电路
“Don’t care”	无关项	A combination of input literals that cannot occur and can be used as a 1 or a 0 on a Karnaugh map for simplification	输入变量的组合不可能出现，可以在卡诺图中用作1或0以简化逻辑
DRAM	动态随机存取存储器	Dynamic random-access memory. A type of semiconductor memory that uses capacitors as the storage elements and it is a volatile, read/write memory	动态随机存取存储器，一种使用电容器作为存储元件的半导体存储器，易失性读写存储器
DSP	数字信号处理器	Digital signal processor. A special type of microprocessor that processes data in real time	数字信号处理器，一种实时处理数据的特殊微处理器
Duty cycle	占空比	The ratio of the pulse width to the period of a digital waveform, expressed as a percentage	数字波形的脉冲宽度与周期的比率，以百分比表示
*E*
Edge-triggered flip-flop	边沿触发器	A type of flip-flop in which the data are entered and appear on the output on the same clock edge	一种触发器，数据在同一时钟边沿输入并出现在输出端
Enable	使能	To activate or put into an operational mode; an input on a logic circuit that enables its operation	激活或进入操作模式，逻辑电路上使其操作的输入
Encoder	编码器	A digital circuit that converts information to a coded form	将信息转换为编码形式的数字电路
EPROM	可擦除可编程只读存储器	Erasable programmable read-only memory; a type of semiconductor memory device that typically uses ultraviolet light to erase data	可擦除可编程只读存储器，一种通常使用紫外线擦除数据的半导体存储器
Exclusive-NOR (XNOR) gate	同或门	A logic gate that produces a LOW only when the two inputs are at opposite levels	仅当两个输入电平相反时输出低电平的逻辑门
Exclusive-OR (XOR) gate	异或门	A logic gate that produces a HIGH output only when its two inputs are at opposite levels	仅当两个输入电平相反时输出高电平的逻辑门
*F*
Fan-out	扇出	The number of equivalent gate inputs of the same family series that a logic gate can drive	逻辑门可以驱动的同系列等效门输入的数量
Fixed-function logic	固定功能逻辑	A category of digital integrated circuits having functions that cannot be altered	功能不可更改的数字集成电路类别
Flash memory	闪存	A nonvolatile read/write random-access semiconductor memory in which data are stored as charge on the floating gate of a certain type of FET	非易失性读写随机存取半导体存储器，数据存储在某种类型FET的浮栅上
Full-adder	全加器	A digital circuit that adds two bits and an input carry to produce a sum and an output carry	将两个位和一个输入进位相加以产生和与输出进位的数字电路
*G*
Gate	门	A logic circuit that performs a basic logic operation such as AND or OR	执行基本逻辑操作（如与或或）的逻辑电路
Glitch	毛刺	A voltage or current spike of short duration, usually unintentionally produced and unwanted	短时电压或电流尖峰，通常是无意产生且不需要的
*H*
Half-adder	半加器	A digital circuit that adds two bits and produces a sum and an output carry. It cannot handle input carries	将两个位相加并产生和与输出进位的数字电路，不能处理输入进位
Hexadecimal	十六进制	Describes a number system with a base of 16	描述以16为基数的数字系统
Hold time	保持时间	The time interval required for the control levels to remain on the inputs to a flip-flop after the triggering edge of the clock in order to reliably activate the device	时钟触发沿后控制电平需要在触发器输入上保持的时间间隔，以确保设备可靠激活
*I*
Input	输入	The signal or line going into a circuit	进入电路的信号或线路
Integrated circuit (IC)	集成电路	A type of circuit in which all of the components are integrated on a single chip of semi-conductive material of extremely small size	所有组件集成在极小的半导体材料芯片上的电路
Inverter	反相器	A NOT circuit; a circuit that changes a HIGH to a LOW or vice versa	非门电路，将高电平变为低电平或反之的电路
*K*
Karnaugh map	卡诺图	An arrangement of cells representing the combinations of literals in a Boolean expression and used for a systematic simplification of the expression	表示布尔表达式中变量组合的单元格排列，用于系统化简化表达式
*L*
Latch	锁存器	A bistable digital circuit used for storing a bit	用于存储一位的双稳态数字电路
Load	加载	To enter data into a shift register	将数据输入移位寄存器
Logic	逻辑	In digital electronics, the decision-making capability of gate circuits, in which a HIGH represents a true statement and a LOW represents a false one	数字电子中门电路的决策能力，高电平表示真命题，低电平表示假命题
Look-ahead carry	超前进位	A method of binary addition whereby carries from preceding adder stages are anticipated, thus eliminating carry propagation delays	一种二进制加法方法，通过预测前级加法器的进位来消除进位传播延迟
LSB	最低有效位	Least significant bit; the right-most bit in a binary whole number or code	最低有效位，二进制整数或代码中最右边的位
*M*
Memory	存储器	The portion of a computer or other system that stores binary data	计算机或其他系统中存储二进制数据的部分
Minimization	最小化	The process that results in an SOP or POS Boolean expression that contains the fewest possible literals per term	生成包含最少变量的SOP或POS布尔表达式的过程
Modulus	模数	The number of unique states through which a counter will sequence	计数器将遍历的唯一状态数
Monostable	单稳态	Having only one stable state. A monostable multivibrator, commonly called a one-shot, produces a single pulse in response to a triggering input	只有一个稳定状态，单稳态多谐振荡器（通常称为单稳态触发器）在触发输入时产生单个脉冲
MSB	最高有效位	Most significant bit; the left-most bit in a binary whole number or code	最高有效位，二进制整数或代码中最左边的位
Multiplexer (MUX)	多路复用器	A circuit that switches digital data from several input lines onto a single output line in a specified time sequence	在指定时间序列中将数字数据从多个输入线切换到单个输出线的电路
*N*
NAND gate	与非门	A logic gate that produces a LOW output only when all the inputs are HIGH	仅当所有输入为高电平时输出低电平的逻辑门
Negative-AND	负与	The dual operation of a NOR gate when the inputs are active-LOW	当输入为低电平有效时，NOR门的对偶操作
Negative-OR	负或	The dual operation of a NAND gate when the inputs are active-LOW	当输入为低电平有效时，NAND门的对偶操作
Node	节点	A common connection point in a circuit in which a gate output is connected to one or more gate inputs	电路中门输出连接到一个或多个门输入的公共连接点
Noise immunity	抗噪性	The ability of a logic circuit to reject unwanted signals (noise)	逻辑电路抑制不需要的信号（噪声）的能力
Noise margin	噪声容限	The difference between the maximum LOW output of a gate and the maximum acceptable LOW input of an equivalent gate; also, the difference between the minimum HIGH output of a gate and the minimum HIGH input of an equivalent gate. Noise margin is sometimes expressed as a percentage of the dc supply voltage	门的最大低电平输出与等效门的最大可接受低电平输入之间的差值；或门的最小高电平输出与等效门的最小高电平输入之间的差值。噪声容限有时以直流电源电压的百分比表示
NOR gate	或非门	A logic gate in which the output is LOW when one or more of the inputs are HIGH	当一个或多个输入为高电平时输出低电平的逻辑门
NOT	非	A basic logic operation that performs inversions	执行反转的基本逻辑操作
Nyquist frequency	奈奎斯特频率	The highest signal frequency that can be sampled at a specified sampling frequency; a frequency equal to or less than half the sampling frequency	在指定采样频率下可以采样的最高信号频率，等于或小于采样频率的一半

*O*
Octal	八进制	Describes a number system with a base of eight	描述以8为基数的数字系统
One-shot	单稳态触发器	A monostable multivibrator	单稳态多谐振荡器
Open-collector	集电极开路	A type of output for a TTL circuit in which the collector of the output transistor is left internally disconnected and is available for connection to an external load that requires relatively high current or voltage	TTL电路的一种输出类型，输出晶体管的集电极内部断开，可用于连接需要较高电流或电压的外部负载
OR	或	A basic logic operation in which a true (HIGH) output occurs when one or more of the input conditions are true (HIGH)	一种基本逻辑操作，当一个或多个输入条件为真（高电平）时输出为真（高电平）
OR gate	或门	A logic gate that produces a HIGH output when one or more inputs are HIGH	当一个或多个输入为高电平时输出高电平的逻辑门
Output	输出	The signal or line coming out of a circuit	从电路输出的信号或线路
*P*
Parallel	并行	In digital systems, data occurring simultaneously on several lines; the transfer or processing of several bits simultaneously	数字系统中数据同时在多条线上出现；同时传输或处理多个位
Parity	奇偶校验	In relation to binary codes, the condition of evenness or oddness of the number of 1s in a code group	与二进制代码相关，代码组中1的数量的奇偶性
Parity bit	奇偶校验位	A bit attached to each group of information bits to make the total number of 1s odd or even for every group of bits	附加到每组信息位上的位，使每组位的1的总数为奇数或偶数
Preset	预置	An asynchronous input used to set a flip-flop (make the Q output 1)	用于设置触发器（使Q输出为1）的异步输入
Priority encoder	优先编码器	An encoder in which only the highest value input digit is encoded and any other active input is ignored	仅对最高值输入数字进行编码并忽略其他有效输入的编码器
Product-of-sums (POS)	和之积	A form of Boolean expression that is basically the ANDing of ORed terms	布尔表达式的一种形式，基本上是或项的与操作
Product term	乘积项	The Boolean product of two or more literals equivalent to an AND operation	两个或多个变量的布尔乘积，等价于与操作
Programmable logic	可编程逻辑	A category of digital integrated circuits capable of being programmed to perform specified functions	可编程以执行特定功能的数字集成电路类别
PROM	可编程只读存储器	Programmable read-only memory; a type of semiconductor memory	可编程只读存储器，一种半导体存储器
Propagation delay time	传播延迟时间	The time interval between the occurrence of an input transition and the occurrence of the corresponding output transition in a logic circuit	逻辑电路中输入转换发生与相应输出转换发生之间的时间间隔
Pull-up resistor	上拉电阻	A resistor with one end connected to the dc supply voltage used to keep a given point in a logic circuit HIGH when in the inactive state	一端连接到直流电源电压的电阻，用于在逻辑电路不活动时保持某点为高电平
Pulse	脉冲	A sudden change from one level to another, followed after a time, called the pulse width, by a sudden change back to the original level	从一个电平突然变化到另一个电平，经过一段时间（称为脉冲宽度）后突然回到原始电平
*Q*
Quantization	量化	The process whereby a binary code is assigned to each sampled value during analog-to-digital conversion	在模数转换过程中为每个采样值分配二进制代码的过程
*R*
RAM	随机存取存储器	Random-access memory; a volatile read/write semiconductor memory	随机存取存储器，易失性读写半导体存储器
Read	读取	The process of retrieving data from a memory	从存储器中检索数据的过程
Recycle	循环	To undergo transition (as in a counter) from the final or terminal state back to the initial state	从最终或终止状态转换回初始状态（如计数器）
Register	寄存器	One or more flip-flops used to store and shift data	用于存储和移位数据的一个或多个触发器
RESET	复位	The state of a flip-flop or latch when the output is 0; the action of producing a RESET state	触发器或锁存器输出为0的状态；产生复位状态的动作
Ripple carry	行波进位	A method of binary addition in which the output carry from each adder becomes the input carry of the next higher-order adder	一种二进制加法方法，每个加法器的输出进位成为下一个高位加法器的输入进位
ROM	只读存储器	Read-only memory; a nonvolatile random-access semiconductor memory	只读存储器，非易失性随机存取半导体存储器
*S*
Sampling	采样	The process of taking a sufficient number of discrete values at points on a waveform that will define the shape of the waveform	在波形上取足够多的离散值以定义波形形状的过程
Serial	串行	Having one element following another, as in a serial transfer of bits; occurring in sequence rather than simultaneously	一个元素跟随另一个元素，如位的串行传输；按顺序发生而非同时
SET	置位	The state of a flip-flop or latch when the output is 1; the action of producing a SET state	触发器或锁存器输出为1的状态；产生置位状态的动作
Set-up time	建立时间	The time interval required for the control levels to be on the inputs to a digital circuit, such as a flip-flop, prior to the triggering edge of a clock pulse	在时钟脉冲触发沿之前，数字电路（如触发器）输入上的控制电平需要保持的时间间隔
SRAM	静态随机存取存储器	Static random-access memory; a type of volatile read/write semiconductor memory	静态随机存取存储器，一种易失性读写半导体存储器
Stage	级	One storage element in a register	寄存器中的一个存储元素
State diagram	状态图	A graphic depiction of a sequence of states or values	状态或值序列的图形描述
State machine	状态机	A logic system or circuit exhibiting a sequence of states conditioned by internal logic and external inputs; any sequential circuit exhibiting a specified sequence of states	由内部逻辑和外部输入决定状态序列的逻辑系统或电路；任何表现出特定状态序列的时序电路
Sum-of-products (SOP)	积之和	A form of Boolean expression that is basically the ORing of ANDed terms	布尔表达式的一种形式，基本上是与项的或操作
Sum term	和项	The Boolean sum of two or more literals equivalent to an OR operation	两个或多个变量的布尔和，等价于或操作
Synchronous	同步	Occurring at the same time	同时发生
*T*
Terminal count	终止计数	The final state in a counter’s sequence	计数器序列中的最终状态
Timer	定时器	A circuit that can be used as a one-shot or as an oscillator	可用作单稳态触发器或振荡器的电路
Timing diagram	时序图	A graph of digital waveforms showing the time relationship of two or more waveforms	显示两个或多个波形时间关系的数字波形图
Toggle	翻转	The action of a flip-flop when it changes state on each clock pulse	触发器在每个时钟脉冲上改变状态的动作
Totem pole	图腾柱	A type of output in TTL circuits	TTL电路的一种输出类型
Tristate	三态	A type of output in logic circuits that exhibits three states: HIGH, LOW, and high-Z	逻辑电路的一种输出类型，具有三种状态：高电平、低电平和高阻态
Truth table	真值表	A table showing the inputs and corresponding output(s) of a logic circuit	显示逻辑电路输入和相应输出的表格
TTL	晶体管-晶体管逻辑	Transistor-transistor logic; a type of integrated circuit that uses bipolar junction transistors. Also called bipolar	晶体管-晶体管逻辑，一种使用双极结型晶体管的集成电路，也称为双极型
*U*
Unit load	单位负载	A measure of fan-out. One gate input represents a unit load to a driving gate	扇出的度量，一个门输入代表驱动门的一个单位负载
Universal gate	通用门	Either a NAND gate or a NOR gate. The term universal refers to the property of a gate that permits any logic function to be implemented by that gate or by a combination of that kind	与非门或或非门，通用指门可以通过自身或组合实现任何逻辑功能的特性
*V*
Variable	变量	A symbol used to represent an action, a condition, or data that can have a value of 1 or 0, usually designated by an italic letter or word	用于表示动作、条件或数据的符号，其值为1或0，通常用斜体字母或单词表示
*W*
Word	字	A group of bits or bytes that acts as a single entity that can be stored in one memory location	作为单个实体可以存储在一个内存位置中的一组位或字节
Write	写入	The process of storing data in a memory	在内存中存储数据的过程